True or False?  1 point each
SELECT: 3
Q: Believers usually say "Evil is due to human free will" is an orthodox solution to the problem of evil,
 but Mackie disagrees.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
POINTS: 1
TYPE: MC

Q: Basil Mitchell says being religious is NOT a matter of being intellectually convinced of the truth of 
theological propositions.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: A
POINTS: 1
TYPE: MC

Q: The parable of the gardener attempts to demonstrate that theological propositions are compatible with 
all states of affairs and therefore false.
A. True
B. False
ANSWER: B
FEEDBACK: The parable of the gardener attempts to demonstrate that theological propositions are compatible 
with all states of affairs and therefore nonsense.  A statement that is nonsense doesn't claim 
anything at all, so it can't be true or false.
POINTS: 1
TYPE: MC

Fill in blanks.  1 point each
SELECT: 4
Q: ____________________________ said that "without a blik there can be no explanation; for it is by our 
bliks that we decide what is and what is not an explanation."
A. Hare
B. R. M. Hare
ANSWER: A, Hare, B, R. M. Hare
POINTS: 1
TYPE: FB

Q: ____________________________ calls religion "a delusional remolding of reality" derived from "the
 infant's helplessness and the longing for the father aroused by it" and "permanently sustained by a fear
 of the superior power of Fate."
A. Freud
B. Sigmund Freud
C. S. Freud
ANSWER: A, Freud, B, Sigmund Freud, C, S. Freud
POINTS: 1
TYPE: FB

Q: ____________________________ said "Some theological utterances seem to, and are intended to, provide
 explanations or express assertions. Now an assertion, to be an assertion at all, must claim that things
 stand thus and thus; and not otherwise. Similarly an explanation, to be an explanation at all, must
 explain why this particular thing occurs; and not something else. Those last clauses are crucial.  And 
 yet sophisticated religious people – or so it seemed to me – are apt to overlook this, and tend to refuse
 to allow, not merely that anything actually does occur, but that anything conceivably could occur, which
 would count against their theological assertions and explanations.  But insofar as they do this, their
 supposed explanations are actually bogus, and their seeming assertions are really vacuous."
A. Flew
B. Antony Flew
C. A. Flew
D. Verificationism
E. Logical positivism
F. Verificationist criterion of meaningfulness
ANSWER: A, Flew, B, Antony Flew, C, A. Flew, D, Verificationism, E, Logical positivism, F, Verificationist criterion of meaningfulness
POINTS: 1
TYPE: FB


Q: ____________________________ said "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a
 heartless world, just as it is the spirit of an unspiritual situation. It is the opium of the people."
A. Marx
B. Karl Marx
C. Carl Marx
ANSWER: A, Marx, B, Karl Marx, C, Carl Marx
POINTS: 1
TYPE: FB

Q: ____________________________ is the view that God does not exist.
A. atheism
ANSWER: A, atheism
POINTS: 1
TYPE: FB

Essay 2 points
SELECT: 2
Q: What, according to Feuerbach, is the "essence of Christianity" (as illustrated by the story of Job)?
  How does Marx revise Feuerbach's analysis?
POINTS: 2
TYPE: ES 
FEEDBACK: According to Feuerbach, the essence of Christianity is illustrated in the story of Job, when God
 essentially tells Job "I'm God and you're not, so shut up and don't question my ways." According to
 Feuerbach, people who take this message to heart become passive and resigned to their fate.  They refuse 
 to stand up for themselves.  Karl Marx uses this idea of Feuerbach's to explain why workers put up with
 oppression and exploitation by capitalists. According to Marx, the churches and the capitalists are in
 league together. The churches tell workers their suffering will be rewarded in heaven in order to help
 the capitalists keep the workers down.  The churches get their share of the profits, which they extort
 from workers as "contributions".


Q: Mackie claims that "Evil is necessary as a means to good" does not solve the problem of evil. Why not,
 according to Mackie? 
POINTS: 2
TYPE: ES
FEEDBACK: According to Mackie, "evil is necessary as a means to good" means God CAN'T bring about good 
without simultaneously bringing about or allowing evil. But if God is omnipotent, there's NOTHING he can't do.

Q: What is Freud's position on religion?
POINTS: 2
TYPE: ES