| Thales | c. 624-545 BC |
| Anaximander | c. 610-545 BC |
| Anaximenes | c. 580-500 BC |
| Pythagoras | c. 570-495 BC |
| Heraclitus | c. 540-480 BC |
| Parmenides | c. 515-450 BC |
| Anaxagoras | 500-428 BC |
| Empedocles | c. 495-435 BC |
| Zeno the Eleatic | c. 490-430 BC |
| Protagoras | c. 490-420 BC |
| Gorgias | c. 483-375 BC |
| Socrates | c. 470-399 BC |
| Democritus | c. 460-360 BC |
| Plato | c. 428-348 BC |
| Aristotle | 384-322 BC |
| Pyrrho | c. 360-270 BC |
| Epicurus | 341-270 BC |
| Zeno the Stoic | c. 336-264 BC |
| Epictetus | c. 50-138 |
| Plotinus | 205-270 |
| Augustine | 354-430 |
THE
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
| Boethius | c. 480-524 |
| Erigena, John Scotus | c. 810-877 |
| Avicenna | 980-1037 |
| Anselm | 1033-1109 |
| Al-Ghazali | 1058-1111 |
| Abelard, Peter | 1079-1142 |
| Averroes | 1126-1198 |
| Maimonides, Moses | 1135-1204 |
| Aquinas, Thomas | 1225-1274 |
| Eckhart, Meister | c. 1260-1327 |
| Scotus, John Duns | c. 1266-1308 |
| Ockham, William of | c. 1280-1349 |
THE
MODERN PERIOD
| Erasmus, Desiderius | 1466-1536 |
| Luther, Martin | 1483-1543 |
| Bacon, Francis | 1561-1626 |
| Galileo | 1564-1642 |
| Hobbes, Thomas | 1588-1679 |
| Descartes, Rene | 1596-1650 |
| Pascal, Blaise | 1623-1662 |
| Spinoza, Baruch | 1632-1677 |
| Locke, John | 1632-1704 |
| Newton, Isaac | 1642-1727 |
| Leibniz, Gottfried | 1646-1716 |
| Berkeley, George | 1685-1753 |
| Voltaire | 1694-1778 |
| Hume, David | 1711-1776 |
| Rousseau, Jean-Jacques | 1712-1778 |
| Kant, Immanuel | 1724-1804 |
| Bentham, Jeremy | 1748-1832 |
| Wollstonecraft, Mary | 1759-1797 |
| Hegel, George W. F. | 1770-1831 |
| Schopenhauer, A. | 1788-1860 |
| Comte, Auguste | 1798-1857 |
| Mill, John Stuart | 1806-1873 |
| Darwin, Charles | 1809-1882 |
| Kierkegaard, Soren | 1813-1855 |
| Marx, Karl | 1818-1883 |
| Engels, Friedrich | 1820-1895 |
| Dostoyevsky, Feodor | 1821-1881 |
| Nietzsche, Friedrich | 1844-1900 |
| Voltaire | 1694-1778 |
| Hume, David | 1711-1776 |
| Rousseau, Jean-Jacques | 1712-1778 |
| Kant, Immanuel | 1724-1804 |
| Bentham, Jeremy | 1748-1832 |
| Wollstonecraft, Mary | 1759-1797 |
| Hegel, George W. F. | 1770-1831 |
| Schopenhauer, A. | 1788-1860 |
| Comte, Auguste | 1798-1857 |
| Mill, John Stuart | 1806-1873 |
THE
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
| Peirce, Charles Sanders | 1839-1914 |
| James, William | 1842-1910 |
| Freud, Sigmund | 1856-1939 |
| Husserl, Edmund | 1859-1938 |
| Bergson, Henri | 1859-1941 |
| Dewey, John | 1859-1952 |
| Whitehead, Alfred North | 1861-1947 |
| Russell, Bertrand | 1872-1970 |
| Moore, George Edward (G. E.) | 1873-1958 |
| Wittgenstein, Ludwig | 1889-1951 |
| Heidegger, Martin | 1889-1976 |
| Carnap, Rudolph | 1891-1970 |
| Ryle, Gilbert | 1900-1976 |
| Sartre, Jean-Paul | 1905-1980 |
| De Beauvoir, Simone | 1908-1986 |
| Quine, Willard Van Orman | 1908- |
| Ayer, A. J. (Alfred Jules) | 1910-1989 |
| Austin, John | 1911-1960 |
| Mackie, J. L. | 1917-1981 |
| Anscombe, G. E. M. | 1919- |
| Rawls, John | 1921-2002 |
| Flew, Antony | 1923- |
| Foucault, Michel | 1926-1984 |
| Baudrillard, Jean | 1929- |
| Dreyfus, Hubert | 1929- |
| Thomson, Judith | 1929- |
| Williams, Bernard | 1929- |
| Derrida, Jacques | 1930- |
| Rorty, Richard | 1931-2007 |
| Dworkin, Ronald | 1931- |
| Searle, John | 1932- |
| Nagel, Thomas | 1937- |
| Rachels, James | 1937- |
| Dennett, Daniel | 1942- |
| Singer, Peter | 1946- |
| Sommers, Christina Hoff | 1950- |